What is the primary definition of dysmenorrhea?

Dysmenorrhea is primarily defined as the presence of pain during menstruation. This pain can vary in intensity and may manifest as cramping, sharp, or dull discomfort in the lower abdomen. It often occurs just before or at the onset of menstrual bleeding and can be accompanied by other symptoms like nausea, headaches, or back pain. Understanding dysmenorrhea is essential for recognizing and managing menstrual health, as it affects a significant number of individuals during their reproductive years.

The other options represent different conditions that can occur within the context of menstrual health but do not accurately describe dysmenorrhea. While endometrial hyperplasia refers to a thickening of the endometrial lining, heavy bleeding with menses is known as menorrhagia, and bleeding between menses is termed intermenstrual bleeding. Each of these conditions presents with distinct symptoms and requires different approaches for evaluation and management, distinguishing them clearly from the definition of dysmenorrhea.